Diabetes and high blood pressure can directly affect the kidneys, causing damage that, in most cases, develops silently and progressively. Although there are several causes of kidney disease, these two conditions are among the main risk factors for developing chronic kidney disease.

Below, Dr. Thaisa Helena de Paula, endocrinologist at dr.consulta, a network of medical centers, explains how these conditions impact the functioning of the kidneys and what to do to protect them. Check it out!

Impacts of diseases on kidney health

The kidneys function as essential filters for the body. They eliminate toxinsbalance liquids, mineral salts and help control blood pressure. In diabetes, when blood glucose remains high for a long time (decompensated diabetes), the blood vessels in the kidneys suffer damage, compromising their filtration capacity.

In the case of high blood pressure, high pressure attacks the delicate structures of the nephrons — the basic functional and structural units of the kidneys. It’s a two-way street, high blood pressure causes kidney disease, and loss of kidney function makes hypertension worse.

Diabetes and high blood pressure are the main causes of kidney disease

According to the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), approximately 1 in 3 people with diabetes develop kidney disease; and 1 in 5 people with hypertension may also develop the disease. These data show that controlling blood glucose and blood pressure is one of the main ways to protect the kidneys.

Risk group for kidney disease

The risk of developing chronic kidney disease is higher in people with:

• Type 1 or type 2 diabetes;
• Arterial hypertension;
• Family history of kidney disease;
• Obesity;
• Cardiovascular diseases;
• Age over 60 years old.

For these people, regular medical monitoring and routine exams are essential.

Signs of kidney problems

Chronic kidney disease usually causes no symptoms at first. Many people only discover changes in routine exams. When the disease is more advanced, signs such as:

• Swelling in the legs, feet or ankles;
• Excessive tiredness;
• Change in urine;
• Nausea;
• Itch;
• Difficulty controlling blood pressure.

How to protect kidney health

Continuous care is essential to protect kidney health and prevent kidney disease, especially among patients with diabetes and high blood pressure. See below:

1. Control blood pressure

Maintaining blood pressure within the recommended targets (generally below 130/80 mmHg, as per medical advice) is essential to protect the blood vessels of the kidneys. Hypertension is one of the main causes of chronic kidney disease.

2. Check blood sugar

People with diabetes need to keep their glucose levels well controlled. The excess of blood sugar It can damage the small vessels in the kidneys, impairing their ability to filter blood properly.

3. Reduce your consumption of salt and ultra-processed foods

Excess sodium increases blood pressure and puts stress on the kidneys. Therefore, prefer natural foods and avoid industrialized products rich in salt.

4. Maintain good hydration

Drinking water regularly helps the kidneys eliminate toxins and maintain balance in the body. Adequate hydration contributes to the proper functioning of the organ and the prevention of kidney problems.

5. Avoid self-medication

Frequent use of medications without medical advice, especially anti-inflammatories, can cause kidney damage. Always seek professional guidance before starting any medication.

By Hiorran Santos