Constructions of all types and ages are subject to the appearance of cracks in the walls. Despite generating concern among residents, not all of them represent a danger, but some deserve immediate attention. The difference between a superficial crack and a structural failure may not be obvious to those who do not have experience in the area, and confusing the two can put safety at risk.

Cracks can appear for a variety of reasons. Among the most frequent are the natural movement of the soil, especially in periods of intense rain or prolonged drought, which causes expansion and contraction of the land. Foundation settlements, when the base of the building gives way irregularly, are also among the main causes.

“Temperature variations, use of low quality materials, flaws in the structural design, inadequate execution of the work and reforms Poorly planned construction contributes to the appearance of cracks. In older buildings, the natural wear and tear of materials over time is another relevant factor”, explains the coordinator of the Civil Engineering course at Faculdade Pitágoras, Nadia Mesquita.

When cracks indicate risk

Not every crack poses an immediate risk. According to the expert, fine cracks, similar to hairs, are generally linked to the retraction of the plaster or the paint and are only aesthetic in nature. Wider cracks, diagonal or horizontal or that increase over time, deserve attention.

“Cracks near doors, windows, beams and pillars may indicate overload or structural movement. Some absence of structural elements also reinforce the presence of these pathological manifestations. When the opening exceeds a few millimeters, presents unevenness or allows the passage of water, the warning signal intensifies, as this is the moment when the crack begins to turn into a crack”, points out Nadia Mesquita.

5 warning signs of structural risk

The structural risk becomes greater when the cracks are accompanied by other signs:

1. Doors and windows that don’t close properly

Structures are designed to maintain stable geometry. When a door gets stuck, it is a sign that there has been differential movement, one part of the structure has given way more than another.

2. Frequent clicking

Cracks are signs of the release of internal tensions. Materials such as concrete and masonry accumulate tensions. When these tensions exceed local resistance, microcracking occurs, generating sound. This may also indicate thermal movements.

3. Tilting walls

This is one of the most serious signs. When inclined, bending moments and forces are introduced that “bend” the structure. This may indicate foundation failure, loss of bearing capacity, and overall instability.

4. Constant infiltrations

It’s not just an aesthetic problem, it’s structural. Water can cause corrosion of concrete reinforcement and reduce the material’s strength. In soils, infiltration can lead to internal erosion or loss of foundation support.

5. Sudden appearance of cracks after heavy rain or neighboring works

This is a strong indication of external interference in the structural system. Intense rain changes soil moisture and can change its bearing capacity. As for the works, it is necessary to be aware of vibrations, excavations that alter the balance of the land and lowering of the water table.

Importance of professional assessment

Nadia Mesquita emphasizes that, in cases such as those mentioned above, immediate evaluation by an engineer, structural expert or architect is recommended, who will be able to identify the origin of the problem and indicate corrective measures.

“Prevention involves well-designed projects, foundations suited to the type of soil, use of quality materials and maintenance of the building. Acting quickly when faced with suspected cracks is essential to avoid further damage and ensure the safety of those occupying the property”, adds the professional.

By Camila Crepaldi