According to research by the Oncology Observatory, cancer was the main cause of death between 2015 and 2023 in 670 Brazilian cities. The study researchers even indicate that the disease could become the main reason for fatalities in the country by 2029.

Clinical oncologist Marcos Rezende explains that lifestyle is more important than genetic inheritance in most cases of cancer. According to him, although there is a common concern with family history, daily habits have a more significant influence on the development of the disease.

“In data, we frequently observe that lifestyle has a much greater impact. We have a much higher percentage of cancer related to the person’s habits. Hereditary cases are in the range of 5% to 10%”, he says.

Habits that increase the risk of cancer

By detailing the main modifiable factorsdoctor Marcos Rezende highlights behaviors that increase risk and that, in many cases, can be avoided. The combination of a sedentary lifestyle, inadequate diet and consumption of harmful substances creates a scenario conducive to the emergence of tumors. “A sedentary lifestyle, an inflammatory diet with excess fat, sugar and fried foods, and the use of tobacco and alcohol are the main points. Anyone who maintains these habits should raise an alert”, he highlights.

The importance of assessing risk factors

The specialist warns that mistaken risk perception is dangerous, as the absence of the disease in the family history does not guarantee genetic protection. This belief can even lead people to neglect their health care. “It is dangerous when a person believes that they are protected because they have no family history. Lifestyle is much more impactful on the development of the disease in many cases”, he warns.

Despite this, he notes that access to information has expanded the search for prevention. People with cases in the family, even without diagnosistend to seek exams and medical follow-up more frequently. “Today people are more informed and end up being more moderate in several aspects. There are many cases of individuals seeking routine exams for prevention”, he states.

Types of cancer and their origins

The oncologist also clarifies which types of cancer have the greatest genetic association. This is because, depending on the tumor, the progression of the disease may be related to mutations. He notes that hereditary syndromes require specific attention, especially when cases occur repeatedly in the family. “Breast and ovarian cancer may be linked to mutations such as BRCA1 and BRCA2. Colorectal cancer may be associated with Lynch syndrome. When there is a family pattern, it is important to investigate”, he highlights.

According to Marcos Rezende, several types of cancer are directly related to lifestyle. Therefore, exposure to avoidable factors significantly increases the risk of developing the disease. “Lung cancer is closely linked to smoking. cervix is related to HPV. Liver disease may be associated with alcohol, obesity and hepatitis. The colorectum is also linked to a low-fiber diet and a sedentary lifestyle”, he notes.

When to investigate genetic factors

The specialist reinforces that the identification of hereditary risk depends on family patterns and the age at which cases arise. These criteria would be responsible for defining whether there is a need for an in-depth investigation. “It should be noted whether there are several cases in the family and the age at which they appeared. The younger the diagnosis, the greater the chance of there being a hereditary component”, he recalls.

Even when there is a genetic predisposition, Marcos Rezende emphasizes that the risk can be controlled. The adoption of preventive measures and medical monitoring make it possible to reduce impacts and detect possible changes early.

“If the genetic syndrome is confirmed, the risk is high, but it can be managed with routine exams. When there is no syndrome, even with a family history, it is often possible to control it just by changing habits”, he says.

Lifestyle as an ally in treatment

Marcos Rezende highlights that the patient’s conduct during treatment can directly influence the clinical picture. The adoption of healthy habitsthen, would be one of the most efficient strategies for the regression of the disease. “In patients with breast cancer, there is data that shows a reduction of up to 40% in the chance of recurrence when they maintain a healthy lifestyle. This impacts both the quality of life and the outcome of the treatment”, he says.

Finally, the oncologist summarizes the main prevention strategies. The combination of physical activity, a balanced diet and the absence of smoking forms the basis for reducing the risk of the disease. “Practicing physical activity regularly, maintaining a diet rich in vegetables and not smoking are essential pillars. Furthermore, it is important to limit alcohol and keep vaccinations up to date for diseases such as HPV and hepatitis”, concludes the doctor.

By Enzo Tres