In autumn, the number of people with respiratory illnesses, such as flu and colds, increases. The combination of lower temperatures, dry air and greater circulation of viruses favors transmission. However, simple everyday habits can also contribute to an increase in infections.

According to the pulmonologist at Hospital Santa Catarina – Paulista, Dr. Alberto Cukier, many of these behaviors go unnoticed, but have a direct impact on the spread of respiratory viruses. Furthermore, they favor chain transmission between different age groups, with especially serious consequences for risk groups.

See below what are the 7 most common mistakes and how to avoid them to protect yourself from respiratory diseases at this time of year.

One of the most common mistakes is to socialize with other people, even with symptoms such as runny nose, fever or sore throat. “It is quite common for children to carry viruses home from school and, in their families’ routine, end up being cared for by their grandparents. This contact, although natural, increases the possibility of transmission to people who are fragile and who can develop more serious conditions, as well as expanding the radius of contamination”, explains Dr. Alberto Cukier.

2. Continue your routine normally, even if you are sick

Continuing to work, study or socialize during the flu also favors transmission. “Many people continue to work with the flu or move around socially, without protection, which increases the spread. These are behaviors that seem harmless, but directly impact the rise in cases at this time of year”, adds the pulmonologist.

3. Do not use a mask when experiencing respiratory symptoms

Wearing a mask continues to be an effective measure to prevent the transmission of virus respiratory problems, especially in shared environments.

Places without air circulation favor the permanence of viruses in the environment, increasing the risk of contagion. Keeping windows open is a simple and effective measure.

5. Neglecting hand hygiene

Frequent hand hygiene helps reduce the transmission of flu-causing viruses, cold and other respiratory infections.

6. Inappropriate use of antibiotics

Using medications without medical advice is a frequent and dangerous mistake. “The indiscriminate use of medicines, especially antibiotics, is a point of attention. The majority of respiratory infections at this time are caused by viruses, and antibiotics are not effective in these cases. Inappropriate use, in addition to providing no benefit, can cause side effects and contribute to bacterial resistance, a growing public health problem”, warns Dr. Alberto Cukier.

The doctor explains that there is no need to buy strong medication — especially without adequate guidance from a specialist. “In situations such as a sore throat, runny nose or discomfort, adopting home measures, such as washing the nose or using an antipyretic, is enough. Other than that, resting and staying hydrated and fed, whether with tea, chicken soup, whatever is natural. Excessive medication worsens the situation and helps mask symptoms”, he adds.

7. Not getting vaccinated against the flu (influenza)

Flu vaccination is one of the main ways to prevent serious cases and reduce the circulation of the virus. “The entire population should be vaccinated against influenza. Even though it does not prevent infection 100%, the vaccine reduces the circulation of the virus and significantly reduces the risk of complications. Thus, we are able to reduce flu-like illnesses”, says the pulmonologist.

When can the flu indicate something more serious?

In most cases, flu and colds are mild and improve within a few days. Still, it is essential to observe the evolution of symptoms. “Some signs, however, indicate the need for medical evaluation. When the patient presents shortness of breathewheezing, persistent fever or progressive worsening after the first few days, it is recommended to seek care. These may be signs of complications, such as pneumonia, which require investigation and, in some cases, even hospitalization”, warns the doctor.

Those who are part of the risk group must pay extra attention

Elderly people and people with chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma or Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), are at higher risk of complications. “People who already have breathing difficulties, a tendency to be short of breath, discomfort when carrying out activities, may worsen if they are affected by any of these infectious phenomena”, recalls Dr. Alberto Cukier.

As a recommendation, it is worth intensifying simple measures already incorporated during the Covid-19 pandemic, such as washing or sanitizing your hands frequently, wearing masks and, when coughing or sneezing, preventing these droplets from remaining in the air and contaminating other people.

By Nadja Cortes