Hantavirus once again attracted attention after recent episodes expanded discussions about the risks associated with the disease and its possible evolution. Although transmission continues to be linked mainly to contact with particles contaminated by infected rodents, possible changes in the behavior of the virus and the impacts this may cause remain under observation.

According to Dr. Fabiano de Abreu Agrela, post-PhD in Neuroscience and specialist in Genomics with a degree in Biology, the current scenario requires vigilance, but not alarmism. “The hantavirus has a very specific transmission mechanism, associated with the inhalation of particles from rodent excrement. However, science is already considering the hypothesis of adaptations that could eventually facilitate transmission between humans, which would significantly change the epidemiological panorama”, he explains.

Recent cases, such as the one that occurred on a cruise ship, have raised suspicions and intensified the debate about the pandemic potential of the virus. virus. Still, the expert emphasizes that, to date, there is no consolidated evidence of sustained transmission between people in most of the known variants.

Infection can also affect the nervous system

In addition to the respiratory and renal complications, characteristic of hantavirus infections, there are also implications neurological relevant. “The impact on the nervous system occurs indirectly, through an intense systemic inflammatory response, which can compromise the blood-brain barrier. This can result in cognitive and behavioral changes, especially in more severe cases”, explains Dr. Fabiano de Abreu Agrela.

Monitoring is essential in the face of possible mutations

The possibility of mutations that increase the efficiency of interpersonal contagion continues to be one of the main points of scientific monitoring. For the expert, the key is in evidence-based anticipation. “We need to understand how the virus evolves and interacts with the body human resources to ensure quick and effective responses. Science must remain vigilant, avoiding hasty conclusions, but prepared to act”, he highlights.

Prevention and surveillance remain the main strategies

Experts reinforce that measures to prevention continue to focus on reducing contact with environments contaminated by rodents, as well as maintaining active epidemiological surveillance systems.

As research progresses, the scientific community maintains a balance between prudence and rigor, closely monitoring any signs of changes in the behavior of this infectious agent.

By Angela Rocha